ALDY CHAPS 16-END (IN0038).indd
نویسنده
چکیده
The global climate regime, as represented by the Kyoto Protocol, may be on a collision course with the global trade policy regime, as represented by the WTO (World Trade Organization). Environmentalists fear that international trade will undercut efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as carbon-intensive production migrates to non-participating countries—a phenomenon known as leakage. Meanwhile businesspeople fear the adverse effects of disparate climate policies on their own competitiveness. These fears have now become prominent in the policy-making process. In early 2008, legislation to enact long-term targets for reduced GHG emissions included provisions for possible barriers against imports from countries perceived as non-participating—both in Washington, DC (where climate legislation has not yet passed) and in Brussels (where the EU Commission Directive has gone into effect). Such provisions could be interpreted as violating the rules of the WTO, which poses the nightmare scenario of a WTO panel rejecting a major country’s climate change legislation. In light of the hostile feelings that such a collision would unleash, it would be a disaster for supporters of the WTO and free trade as much as for supporters of the Kyoto Protocol and environmental protection. The clash of trade and climate policy is just the latest and largest instance of fears among many environmentalists that the WTO is an obstacle to their goals in general. The issue transcends institutions. For its critics, the WTO is a symbol of globalization, and their concerns attach also to that larger phenomenon. Fears of a collision need not be realized. Global environmental goals and trade goals can be reconciled. Globalization and multilateral
منابع مشابه
Chem. Pharm. Bull. 53(9) 1140—1146 (2005)
fonate (CHAPS) is a zwitterionic detergent that was specifically designed for membrane biochemistry. It is known to be a mild, nondenaturing detergent and is a derivative of natural bile salts. Its properties are of interest in several biochemical applications. These include the perturbation of membrane structures, membrane protein solubilization and functional reconstitution, and preparation o...
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An alternative treatment for staphylococcal infections caused by antibiotic-resistance strains is to lyse staphylococci with peptidoglycan hydrolases, for example, a cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP). Here, CHAPs were analyzed in 12 Staphylococcus aureus genomes and 44 staphylococcal phage genomes. There are 234 putative CHAP-containing proteins and only 64 non-ident...
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The zwitterionic detergent 3-(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) supports reconstituted cyclohexane hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P-450LM, and NADPH-cytochrome reductase purified from phenobarbital-induced rabbit liver. Maximum activity (-50% of that with phospholipid) was observed at 2 mM CHAPS. Inhibition took place at higher CHAPS, until at 20 mM CHAPS, no cyclo...
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